Ekstraksi Xilan dan Delignifikasi Bagas (Limbah Pabrik Gula)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30736/jev.v1i1.52Abstract
Limbah ampas tebu (bagas) pabrik gula biasanya digunakan sebagai bahan bakar (ketel) dalam proses pemanasan, sisanya sengaja ditiimbun dan membusuk sehingga mengeluarkan air lindi (seperti molase) yang berbau tidak sedap. Pemanfaatan untuk pakan ternak maupun pupuk kompos memang masih dinilai memiliki nilai ekonomi yang kecil. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pengolahan yang memiliki nilai produk jual yang tinggi dan teknologi yang tepat guna. Teknologi yang dapat mengurangi volume limbah untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan dasar industri lain merupakan sebuah sistem ekoindustri. Bagas tergolong jenis limbah lignuselulosa, dimana kandungan selulosa secara alami diikat oleh hemiselulosa (xilan) dan dilindungi oleh lignin, oleh karena itu disebut dengan lignoselulosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pretreatmen bagas dengan menghilangkan lignin dan mengekstraksi xilan. Produk yang dihasilkan merupakan jenis polisakarida, dimana dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai substrat enzim untuk proses pembuatan bioetanol, prebiotik, probiotik dan lain sebagainya. Proses pretreatmen bagas meliputi delignifikasi menggunakan sodium hipoklorit (NaOCl) 1% dan ekstraksi xilan menggunakan metode alkalin (NaOH 15%) sebagai pelarut. Hasil ekstraksi xilan dari bagas diperoleh 9,9% xilan dari bagas dan setelah pemurnian diperoleh 3,4 % xilan larut. Setiap melalui tahapan pretreatment terjadi pengurangan berat bagas dari 1000 g menjadi 34 g pada akhir pemurnian xilan. Rendemen bagas hasil delignifikasi sebanyak 704,74 g (29,74 %), dengan rendemen ekstraksi sebanyak 98,80 g xilan (9,9 %) dan setelah purifikasi didapatkan 3,4 % xilan murni.Keywords: bagas, delignifikasi, ekstraksi, xilan, ekoindustri
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