The Role of Parents and Manipulative Media in Introduction to Numbers in Early Childhood

The concept of Numbers needs to be introduced in early childhood to help the growth and development of children in order to have readiness to enter further education. Introducing numbers in early childhood development through the role of parents and playing activities in everyday life and are natural. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of the role of parents and the use of manipulative media on the ability to recognize numbers in early childhood. This research was conducted in TK YKK 2 and TK Alfina and TK Al Ikhwan. The number of research samples was 109 children. The sampling technique used random sampling and cross-sectional research design. The independent variable in this study is the role of parents and the use of manipulative media, while the dependent variable is the ability to recognize the concept of numbers in early childhood. Statistical test using Rank Spearman and Logistic Regression Test. The results showed that the role of parents and the use of manipulative media together can improve the ability to recognize the concept of numbers in early childhood. The role of parents in guiding, motivating, and facilitating early childhood learning can improve children's ability to recognize numbers. The use of appropriate and interesting learning media can improve children's thinking patterns in the concept of numbers of of in early statistical tests using Rank Spearman and Logistic Regression Test. The research instrument used an observation a


INTRODUCTION
Parents have a key role in the successful implementation of inclusive education at the school level 1 . Parents as the first to be close to children know best about the child's development and condition, what the child likes and hates, what the children's strengths and needs are, the child's speaking style, children's hobbies, what the child's goals and dreams are, and so on 2 . Active involvement and family support was identified as the key to the success of an inclusive education program from an early age.
Even an important factor in the success of inclusive schools is the involvement of parents in their children's education, especially for students with special needs 3 because parental involvement has proven to be very effective in improving children's development in terms of learning and modifying behavior. them 3 . Selection of teaching materials requires the use of certain guidelines or principles so that we do not choose the wrong teaching materials 4 . "Each type of teaching material has its own advantages and disadvantages. For that we need general principles in choosing teaching materials" 5 .
Media selection must be in accordance with the objectives to be achieved, media selection must be based on clear concepts, media selection must be in accordance with the characteristics of learners or targets, media selection must be in accordance with student learning styles and teacher styles and abilities, media selection must be in accordance with environmental conditions, facilities and time available for learning needs 5 Based on observations made in YKK Bangkalan Kindergarten for group B children in learning activities to recognize the concept of numbers 1-20, it was only limited to the ability of children who only knew the symbol of the number but did not know the concept of the amount. There are still children who have difficulty counting objects directly. When children are asked to count objects, the numbers mentioned by the children do not match the objects that the child points to. Some of the children are less interested in participating in the learning process, which can be seen from the child's inactivity and playing alone or lack of concentration.
This study aims to analyze the influence of the role of parents and the use of manipulative media on the ability to recognize numbers in early childhood.

METHOD
This research was conducted in TK YKK 2 and TK Alfina and TK Al Ikhwan. The number of research samples was 109 children. The sampling technique used random sampling and cross-sectional research design.
The independent variable in this study is the role of parents and the use of manipulative media, while the dependent variable is the ability to recognize the concept of numbers in early childhood, statistical tests using Rank Spearman and Logistic Regression Test. The research instrument used an observation sheet and a questionnaire.     Based on table 8, the Nagelkerke coefficient = 0.150, which means that 15% of the variables of the role of parents and manipulative media affect the ability to recognize the concept of numbers and the rest is influenced by other factors.

The Relationship between the Role of Parents and the Ability to Recognize the Concept of Numbers.
The results showed that parents in TK Alfina, Al Ikhwan and TK YKK Bangkalan played less role in facilitating children's learning. Meanwhile, the role in guiding is good.
According to 6

The Relationship between the Use of Manipulative Media and the Ability to Recognize the Concept of Numbers
The results showed that the use of manipulative media was not related to the ability to recognize the concept of numbers in early childhood (p value 0.803> α 0.05). Based on the research results, it was found that children aged 5-6 years in YKK Kindergarten, Ikhwan Kindergarten and Alfina Kindergarten mostly like small ball manipulative media. According to 8 , early childhood is at the stage of thinking towards concrete thinking, so that manipulative media in the form of balls and buttons are media that can be visualized according to real objects and are easily understood and liked by children. According to 5 , ball manipulative media is an interesting play tool for children. So that learning while playing is one way to stimulate children's cognitive development 9 . Manipulative media do not have to be expensive, but must be good 10 and safe for children's learning and used in the right way so that children's development can be optimal and provide motivation for children to want to participate in learning activities properly.
How to learn while playing by counting and inserting balls and buttons into the basket according to the number instructed by the researcher is less attractive and does not visualize concrete thinking in children in Alfina, Al Ikhwan and YKK Kindergarten Bangkalan. This is because how to play with balls and buttons is not attractive to 5years old.