Peran Lingkungan Terhadap Daur Hidup dan Perilaku Nyamuk Sebagai Vektor Penyakit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30736/6ijev.v6iss2.295Keywords:
lingkungan, daur hidup nyamuk, perilaku nyamuk, vektor parasitAbstract
Prevalensi penyakit tular vektor berbeda antar wilayah endemi, seperti malaria dan filariasis yang sangat tergantung pada perilaku nyamuk. Sementara Ae.aegypti dapat tersebar luas di seluruh Indonesia. Kejadian tersebut terjadi akibat kurangnya perhatian terhadap pengaturan air dan saluran irigasi. Perilaku nyamuk sebagai vektor akan menentukan penyebarluasan penyakit dan munculnya wilayah endemi. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk meninjau peran lingkungan terhadap daur hidup dan perilaku nyamuk sebagai vektor penyakit. Sifat zoofilik dan antropofilik serta panjangnya usia nyamuk dapat meningkatkan jumlah sumber infeksi, sehingga dapat mengembangkan pertumbuhan larva mencapai stadium infektif untuk ditularkan. Berdasarkan tinjauan di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlu dilakukan pemberantasan penyakit tular vektor melalui pengobatan penderita malaria, filariasis, dan demam dengue, serta mengupayakan agar tidak ada kontak antara manusia dan nyamuk dengan cara menggunakan kawat kasa di jendela rumah, kelambu atau pemakaian repellent. Penting juga dilakukan penyuluhan mengenai sanitasi lingkungan dan pendidikan kesehatan masyarakat dalam upaya memusnahkan tempat perindukan nyamuk di rumah-rumah penduduk.
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