Analisis Kualitas Air Limbah Tambang dan Upaya Pengolahannya dalam Rangka Reklamasi Lingkungan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30736/jev.v9i2.852Keywords:
air limbah tambang, pengolahan air limbah, reklamasi lingkungan, logam berat, pengelolaan berkelanjutanAbstract
Kegiatan pertambangan, khususnya tambang terbuka, menghasilkan air limbah yang mengandung logam berat dan senyawa asam berbahaya sehingga berpotensi mencemari lingkungan serta menghambat reklamasi pascatambang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kualitas air limbah tambang dan mengevaluasi berbagai metode pengolahannya dalam mendukung keberhasilan reklamasi lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis literatur dengan merujuk pada sumber-sumber ilmiah relevan terkait teknologi pengolahan air limbah tambang dan dampaknya terhadap ekosistem. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan secara fisik, kimia, dan biologis mampu menurunkan kadar logam berat, memperbaiki kualitas air, dan meningkatkan efektivitas reklamasi lahan terdegradasi. Lebih lanjut, pengelolaan berkelanjutan dapat dicapai melalui pemilihan metode pengolahan yang sesuai, pemanfaatan kembali air hasil olahan, serta penerapan prinsip ekodesain dalam infrastruktur pengolahan. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa kolaborasi antara pemerintah, perusahaan tambang, dan masyarakat merupakan kunci dalam pengelolaan air limbah yang berkelanjutan. Dengan demikian, pengolahan air limbah yang tepat tidak hanya memperbaiki kualitas air, tetapi juga mempercepat pemulihan ekosistem dan fungsi ekologis lahan pascatambang.
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Sillanpää M, Ncibi MC, Matilainen A. Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of natural organic matter from drinking water sources: A comprehensive review. Journal of Environmental Management [Internet]. 2018 Feb [cited 2025 Sep 9];208:56–76. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479717311714
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