Analisis Efektivitas Kinerja Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Rumah Sakit X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30736/jev.v9i2.936Keywords:
Air Limbah, Rumah Sakit, IPAL, EfektivitasAbstract
Air limbah rumah sakit mengandung mikroorganisme patogen, bahan kimia beracun, dan zat radioaktif yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan. Rumah Sakit X merupakan rumah sakit tipe C dengan luas lahan 10.022 m², luas bangunan 44.898 m², dan 173 tempat tidur, menghasilkan air limbah dengan parameter TSS, BOD5, COD, amonia, fosfat, dan E. coli. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian Januari 2024 pada outlet Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL), tiga parameter mendekati batas baku mutu SK Gubernur Jawa Timur No. 72 Tahun 2013. Kondisi ini dipengaruhi oleh IPAL yang telah beroperasi bertahun-tahun dan pembangunan gedung baru yang meningkatkan beban pengolahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik air limbah dan air hasil pengolahan serta menganalisis efektivitas kinerja IPAL Rumah Sakit X dalam mengelola air limbah agar aman bagi masyarakat dan lingkungan. Sampel diambil menggunakan metode grab sampling pada inlet dan outlet dengan volume 2000 mL. Hasil laboratorium menunjukkan parameter amonia (0,22 mg/L) dan fosfat (2,922 mg/L) tidak memenuhi baku mutu, disebabkan kurangnya waktu aerasi yang menyebabkan kadar oksigen terlarut rendah dan menghambat mikroorganisme dalam menguraikan NH3 dan PO4. Parameter E. coli (350 MPN/100 mL) memenuhi standar baku mutu. Perhitungan efektivitas menunjukkan penurunan E. coli signifikan sebesar 96,23%, menandakan keberhasilan desinfeksi. Namun, penurunan amonia hanya 45,89% dan masih melebihi batas baku mutu, sedangkan fosfat mengalami peningkatan dengan efektivitas -6,22%, mengindikasikan kegagalan pengolahan fosfat. Hasil ini menyoroti perlunya optimalisasi proses aerasi dan pengolahan fosfat pada IPAL Rumah Sakit X.
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