Valorisasi Limbah Kulit Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) menjadi Pestisida Nabati Ramah Lingkungan dalam Mendukung Pengendalian Pencemaran Pertanian
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30736/jev.v10i2.984Keywords:
pestisida nabati, kulit jeruk nipis, limbah organik, waste valorization, pertanian berkelanjutanAbstract
Penggunaan pestisida sintetis masih banyak diterapkan dalam pengendalian hama pada kegiatan pertanian. Aplikasi yang tidak tepat dapat menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan, antara lain pencemaran lingkungan, risiko kesehatan, dan gangguan terhadap keseimbangan ekosistem. Kondisi tersebut mendorong pemanfaatan bahan nabati sebagai salah satu alternatif dalam pengendalian hama. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi limbah kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) sebagai pestisida nabati melalui skrining fitokimia dan pengamatan mortalitas serangga pada beberapa konsentrasi ekstrak. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi dengan etanol 96%, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan skrining fitokimia secara kualitatif terhadap flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, dan saponin. Aktivitas pestisida diuji pada konsentrasi ekstrak 5%, 10%, dan 15% dengan waktu pengamatan selama 24 jam. Hasil skrining menunjukkan adanya flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, dan saponin dalam ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis. Mortalitas serangga uji berturut-turut sebesar 30%, 60%, dan 90% diperoleh pada konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 15%, sedangkan perlakuan kontrol menghasilkan mortalitas 0%. Peningkatan mortalitas pada konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan potensi ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis untuk dikembangkan sebagai pestisida nabati. Pemanfaatan kulit jeruk nipis juga memberikan peluang peningkatan nilai guna limbah organik melalui pendekatan waste valorization.
Kata kunci: pestisida nabati; kulit jeruk nipis; limbah organik; waste valorization; pertanian berkelanjutan
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